PSA Screening

Several factors can increase a man’s risk of developing prostate cancer.

• Age – Getting older is the most significant risk factor. The risk of prostate cancer rises as men get older. Most cases are diagnosed in men over 50.
• Family History – A family history of prostate cancer can significantly increase risk. For example, men with a first degree relative – father or brother who had prostate cancer are at a higher risk and the risk increases if a relative was diagnosed at an early age (before age 55).
• Race/Ethnicity – African American men are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer as compared to men of other racial/ethnic groups. They are also more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age and develop aggressive or advanced forms of prostate cancer. Asian American and Hispanic/Latino men generally have a lower risk compared to African American and Caucasian men.
• Genetics – Certain genetic factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer, particularly if there are mutations in specific genes. A man with a  family history of breast, ovarian, or other cancers may have an increased genetic risk for prostate cancer.
• Diet and Lifestyle –certain dietary and lifestyle factors may also increase the risk for prostate cancer. Obesity can be linked to developing more aggressive forms or prostate cancer. Diets high in fat (especially animal fats) and a low intake of fruits and vegetables may also increase the risk. Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight are an important part of staying healthy and lowering your risk.

When Should I Start PSA Screenings

The American Urological Association (AUA) provides guidelines on prostate cancer screening using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. The doctors at Conrad Pearson follow the AUA’s recommendations which are designed to balance the potential benefits of screening.

Average Risk (No Family History, No Symptoms, No High-Risk Factors):

The AUA recommends that men at average risk of prostate cancer discuss the potential benefits and harms of PSA screening with their healthcare provider starting at age 45. This is when screening may begin, and the decision should be based on a discussion between you and your doctor.

Higher Risk (Family History, African American, Genetic Factors):

Start earlier at age 40: For men who have a family history of prostate cancer (especially a father or brother diagnosed at an early age), African American men (who have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer), or those with certain genetic factors (like BRCA mutations), the AUA recommends discussing screening as early as age 40 to 45. These men may benefit from earlier screening and more frequent monitoring.

It is important that you discuss your individual situation with your doctor. They can help determine when you should start screening for prostate cancer.  Screening should be based on each individual’s risk factors and every man should have an informed conversation with his doctor about the pros and cons of screening based on his specific situation.