Varicocele Embolization
Treatment for Varicoceles
A varicocele is a common condition that occurs when veins inside the scrotum become enlarged—similar to varicose veins in the legs. These swollen veins develop next to the testicle and can affect about 15% of men, often during adolescence or early adulthood. While some men may never notice a varicocele, others may experience discomfort or fertility issues that require treatment.
What Causes a Varicocele?
Healthy veins contain one-way valves that keep blood flowing toward the heart. When these valves become weak or fail, blood pools in the vein, leading to enlargement and increased pressure. This pooling is what creates the varicocele. Varicoceles can vary widely in terms of symptoms. Some men may experience no discomfort at all, while others might notice:
- A dull, aching pain in the scrotum, often described as a heavy or dragging sensation
- Pain that worsens after standing, exercising, or at the end of the day
- Relief when lying down
- Enlarged or visibly twisted veins in the scrotum over time
- Testicular shrinkage or slowed growth in adolescents
- Infertility or reduced sperm quality, which may affect men trying to start a family
Treatment Options for Varicocele
If a varicocele causes pain, testicular atrophy, or infertility, treatment may be recommended. Common options include:
1. Surgical Repair
- Open surgery, with or without a microscope
- Laparoscopic surgery (minimally invasive approach through the abdomen)
2. Varicocele Embolization
A minimally invasive, non-surgical alternative performed by an Interventional Radiologist.
What Is Varicocele Embolization
Varicocele embolization is an outpatient procedure that blocks the faulty veins using a small coil or particle, relieving pressure and improving blood flow. A small needle poke is made in the groin or upper thigh. A thin tube is inserted into a vein and guided to the testicular vein using real-time X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy). Contrast dye is used to locate the varicocele. A coil or medical particle is placed to seal off the problem vein. Blood is rerouted to healthy nearby veins, relieving symptoms and restoring function. The procedure takes about 30 – 45 minutes and most patients resume moderate activity within 24 – 48 hours.
Benefits of Varicocele Embolization
- Minimally invasive – no surgical incisions into the scrotum
- Performed in an office-based setting
- Twilight sedation only – no need for general anesthesia
- Low complication rate
- Fast recovery and return to daily life
- Effective relief of pain and fertility issues
Ready to Learn More?
If you’ve been diagnosed with a varicocele or are experiencing symptoms like testicular pain or infertility, varicocele embolization may be a safe, effective solution. Contact us today to schedule a consultation with our Interventional Radiology team and find out if this treatment is right for you.
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